Part b, and volume 94 in the semiconductor and semimetals series, focuses on semiconductor nanowires. The following article is based on the outstanding young investigator award presentation given by peidong yang of the university of california, berkeley, on april 14, 2004, at the materials research society spring meeting in san francisco. Applications of semiconductor nanowires for nanoelectronics and. Jan 12, 2015 controlling the properties of semiconductor metal interfaces is a powerful method for designing functionality and improving the performance of electrical devices. Thus, the ultrasonic investigation of wurtzite znonws is of great importance. We show that electron tunneling between semiconductor and superconductor leads to important renormalization of the parameters in the. Semiconductor nanowires is an important research area and since 2009, there are well over publications per year in this research field. Optical properties of individual silicon nanowires for. Surface chemistry and electrical properties of germanium. Controlling the properties of semiconductormetal interfaces is a powerful method for designing functionality and improving the performance of electrical devices. Advanced electrical characterization of semiconductor nanowires. Determining factors of thermoelectric properties of. During the last decade, semiconductor nanowires have been established as promising structures for the integration of latticemismatched materials 1, as an effective test bed for physical phenomena 2 as well as being a bene. Semiconductor nanowires have been proposed to be fundamentally advantageous for photovoltaic applications due to their unique properties.
Electrostatic engineering of the environment of the nws e. We differentiate and analyze the electronic and lattice contributions to the enhancement by using a nearly parameterfree theory of the thermoelectric properties of semiconductor nanowires. Rationally controlled growth of inorganic semiconductor nanowires is important for their applications in nanoscale electronics and photonics. Determining factors of thermoelectric properties of semiconductor nanowires denis o demchenko1, peter d heinz2 and byounghak lee2 abstract it is widely accepted that low dimensionality of semiconductor heterostructures and nanostructures can significantly improve their. Electronic properties of semiconductor nanowires article pdf available in journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 81. Nanowires and nanotubes, slender structures that are only a few billionths of a meter in diameter but many thousands or millions of times longer, have become hot materials in recent years. The vast range of structural and compositional diversity of nanowires has also enabled their use as lowfootprint building blocks in a variety of. Pdf accurately measuring and controlling the electrical properties of semiconductor nanowires is of paramount importance in the development of novel.
Consequently, silicon nanowires sinws with diameters on the order of the wavelengths of visible light show strong resonant field enhancement of the incident light, so this type of nanomaterial is a good candidate for all kinds of photonic devices. Optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanowires. With a broad selection of compositions and band structures, these onedimensional semiconductor nanostructures are considered to be the critical components in a wide range of potential nanoscale. In this chapter, optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanowires, the fundament of the nanowire optoelectronic devices, will be analyzed. Doping of semiconductor nanowires journal of materials. Growth and optical properties of iiiv semiconductor. Semiconductor nanowires have opened new research avenues in quantum transport owing to their confined geometry and electrostatic tunability. Progress in doping semiconductor nanowires during growth. The aim of this work is to describe the properties of the coreshell pn junction in semiconductor nanowires and explain the difficulty in obtaining a flat band condition at the surface and simultaneous confinement of electrons and holes in the n. The impact of crystal structure, lateral surfaces, passivation of the dangling bonds and quantum confinement on the stability of the nanowires is discussed. Some interesting and counterintuitive properties nanowires possess are due to.
Electronic properties of semiconductor nanowires semantic scholar. Silicon nanowires, also referred to as sinws, are a type of semiconductor nanowire most often formed from a silicon precursor by etching of a solid or through catalyzed growth from a vapor or liquid phase. Finally, we discuss how thz measurements are guiding the development of nanowirebased devices, with the example of singlenanowire photoconductive thz receivers. Studies relevant for solar cells dagyte, vilgaile 2018 document version. Enhanced plasmonic properties of goldcatalysed semiconductor nanowires. Growth and optical properties of iiiv semiconductor nanowires. Isbn 9789537619794, pdf isbn 9789535145677, published 20100201 this volume is intended to orient the reader in the fast developing field of semiconductor nanowires, by providing a series of selfcontained monographs focusing on various nanowirerelated topics. Properties and applications volume 94 semiconductors and semimetals volume 94. Photonic properties to semiconductor nanowires abstract semiconductor nanowires comprise a versatile materials platform with which to characterize the properties of nanomaterials. By arranging semiconductor wires in the proper configuration, engineers can create transistors, which either acts as a switch or an amplifier.
Single crystalline semiconductor nanowires are being extensively investigated due to their unique electronic and optical properties and their potential use in novel electronic and photonic devices. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record link to publication citation for published version apa. Advanced electrical characterization of semiconductor. The field of thermoelectric research has undergone a renaissance and boom in the past two and a half decades, largely fueled by the prospect of engineering electronic and phononic properties in nanostructures, among which semiconductor nanowires nws have served both as an important platform to investigate fundamental thermoelectric transport phenomena and as a promising route for. Yang was cited for innovative synthesis of a broad range of nanowires and nanowireheterostructure materials, and the discovery of optically induced lasing. Contains a broad view, including examination of semiconductor nanowires. Effects of strain relaxation on the electronic properties of nanowire heterostructures. Part of focus issue on semiconductor nanowires eds chennupati jagadish, lutz geelhaar, silvija gradecak the properties of various iiiv and ivvi nanowires are studied using simple ab initio methods. Ballistic superconductivity in semiconductor nanowires. Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires tudor d. Abstract semiconductor nanowires comprise a versatile materials platform with which to characterize the properties of nanomaterials.
Yet, in contrast to carbon nanotubes, which may be either semiconducting or metallic, the properties of semiconductor nanowires are always determined by the properties of the semiconductor material they. Surprisingly enough, a thorough experimental and theoretical analysis of both the polarization. Such nanowires have promising applications in lithium ion batteries, thermoelectrics and sensors. Semiconductor nanowires and nanotubes exhibit novel electronic and optical properties owing to their unique structural onedimensionality and possible quantum confinement effects in two dimensions. Epitaxy of semiconductorsuperconductor nanowires nature.
Zno nanowires, nanowire heterostructures, doped nanowires and modulationdoped nanowires. The vast range of structural and compositional diversity of nanowires has also enabled their use as lowfootprint building blocks in a variety of applications including bioelectronics, photonics, and energy conversion. A nanowire is a nanostructure, with the diameter of the order of a nanometer 10. Functional properties encoded through synthesis in coreshell nanowires. However, what is less well understood is the precise role of electronic and lattice transport coefficients in the improvement. Determining factors of thermoelectric properties of semiconductor nanowires denis o demchenko1, peter d heinz2 and byounghak lee2 abstract it is widely accepted that low dimensionality of semiconductor heterostructures and nanostructures can significantly improve their thermoelectric efficiency. Modal properties of semiconductor nanowires for laser. We subsequently discuss semiconductor nanowires for electronic, sensing, and photonic applications, and. Semiconductor oxides, especially zinc oxide nanowires znonws, find their utility because of their structural, mechanical, electronic and thermal properties. Nanowires are onedimensional, anisotropic structures, small in diameter, and large in surface. Pdf electronic properties of semiconductor nanowires. In this article, we discuss the rational growth, physical properties, and integration of nanowires based on the results from the authors laboratory. Semiconductor nanowires have emerged alongside carbon nanotubes as a potential building block for future nanometerscale electronic devices.
Black, jing kong, gene dresselhaus this chapter provides an overview of recent research on inorganic nanowires, particularly metallic and semiconducting nanowires. Semiconductor nanowires nws represent a unique system for exploring phenomena at the nanoscale and are also expected to play a critical role in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. The solidliquid interface forms the growth interface, which acts as a sink causing the continued semiconductor incorporation into the lattice and, thereby, the growth of the nanowire with the alloy droplet riding on the top. The molecular nanowires, their quantized conductance, and metallic nanowires synthesized by chemical technique will be introduced next. The large piezoelectricity of zno makes it a suitable candidate for electroacoustic devices. Optical properties light emitted from nanowires is strongly polarized along their longitudinal axis absorption edge of nanowires is blueshifted higher energies with decreasing diameter additionally there are sharp, discrete features in absorption spectra a possible explanation include quantumcon. The quality of materials is gauged by electron microscopy techniques and physical property measurements. They exist in many forms made of metals, semiconductors, insulators and organic compounds and are being studied for use in electronics, energy.
This chapter focuses on the photodetecting properties of nanowires. Pdf electrical properties of semiconductor nanowires. These properties include the dispersions for guided modes, mode spacing, reflectivities from the nanowire facets, directionality and polarization of far fields, and confinement factors. Then, the theoretical background for electrical properties and mechanical properties of nanowires is given. Yang was cited for innovative synthesis of a broad range of nanowires and nanowireheterostructure materials, and the discovery of optically induced. Electronic, optical and transport properties of semiconductor. The electrostatics of semiconductor nanowires is very peculiar and affects their properties even in the 20 nm range where quantum confinement becomes negligible. Advances in crystal growth and assembly for imparting novel. In this thesis, my research on iiiv semiconductor nanowires, including growth. This volume is intended to orient the reader in the fast developing field of semiconductor nanowires, by providing a series of selfcontained monographs focusing on various nanowirerelated topics. Advances in crystal growth and assembly for imparting.
Aug 19, 2011 however, what is less well understood is the precise role of electronic and lattice transport coefficients in the improvement. Iiiv semiconductor nanowire nw materials possess a combination of fascinating properties, including their tunable direct bandgap, high. Book chapter full text access chapter two optical properties of semiconductor nanowires. Initial synthesis of sinws is often accompanied by thermal oxidation steps to yield. Ii by introducing a tightbinding model for the semiconductor nanowires, and derive the superconducting proximity e ect. Doping of semiconductor nanowires volume 26 issue 17 jesper wallentin, magnus t. The gaseous semiconductor reactants can be generated. In this regard, semiconductor nanowires serve as one of the most powerful platforms available today in nanoscience given that it is now possible to design structures ab initio and synthet ically realize these structures with the structure and composition controlled from the atomic scale and up. It can also be defined as the ratio of the length to width being greater than. Semiconductor nanowires nws have been studied extensively for over two decades for their novel electronic, photonic, thermal, electrochemical and mechanical properties. Materials, synthesis, characterization and applications covers advanced materials for nanowires, the growth and synthesis of semiconductor nanowiresincluding methods such as solution growth, movpe, mbe, and selforganization. Nanowires have promising applications for optoelectronics including leds, lasers, solar cells and microelectronics as each individual nanowire can be a complete device if control over nanowire growth can.
Some interesting and counterintuitive properties nanowires possess are due to the small scale. Pdf enhanced plasmonic properties of goldcatalysed. Semiconductor nanowires are attracting increasing interest due to their potential to. Sep 30, 2006 single crystalline semiconductor nanowires are being extensively investigated due to their unique electronic and optical properties and their potential use in novel electronic and photonic devices. The unique properties of nanowires arise owing to their anisotropic geometry, large surface to volume ratio, and carrier and photon confinement in two dimensions 1d system. Properties and applications, volume 94 1st edition. Semiconductors fall between the two, carrying a charge under the right conditions. First, the photoelectric effects of semiconductor, including the photoconductivity, the photovoltaic effect, and so on, will be introduced.
Alternatively, nanowires can be defined as structures that have a thickness or diameter constrained to tens of nanometers or less and an unconstrained length. The chemistry and physics of semiconductor nanowires mrs. Characterizing the properties of semiconductor nanowires is covered in chapters describing. Finally, the volume covers the synthesis and properties of semiconductor and nitrides nanowires. Properties and applications volume 94 semiconductors and semimetals volume 94 dayeh, shadi a. The field of thermoelectric research has undergone a renaissance and boom in the past two and a half decades, largely fueled by the prospect of engineering electronic and phononic properties in nanostructures, among which semiconductor nanowires nws have served both as an important platform to investigate fundamental thermoelectric transport phenomena and as a promising route for high. Semiconductor nanowires promise to provide the building blocks for a new generation of nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Historically, the first coreshell nanowire structures were synthesized from different combinations of germanium and silicon with a goal of creating new building blocks for nanoelectronics devices.
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